February 2025 CHINA EDITION 9 772220 270006 ISSN 2220-2706 2025 ALB CHINA Top 15 Overseas Investment Lawyers 十五佳出海业务律师 Leading firms, practitioners in the vibrant circum-Bohai area 环渤海地区值得关注的领先律所及律师 As supply chain, ESG risks grow, lawyers help secure resilience 律师助力中国企业全球供应链韧性发展 With top firms expanding to newer markets regional outfits start to innovate 头部律所下沉促使区域本土所发展革新
1 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 COVER STORY 12 2025 ALB China Top 15 Overseas Investment Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳出海业务律师 Ranking by ALB, text by Victor Wu As Chinese companies expand internationally, leading lawyers are going beyond traditional risk management to create broader value. In its inaugural ranking, ALB showcases pioneering legal professionals in this area. 在当下可谓“波澜壮阔”的中国企业出 海征途中,卓越的律师群体扮演着风险 预警者与价值创造者的双重角色。ALB 首次推出榜单,聚焦这些兼具国际视野 与本土智慧的行业先锋。 FEATURES 20 Securing resilience 保障供应链“韧性” From geopolitical risks to ESG considerations, and the ongoing wave of technological innovation and digital transformation, Chinese companies are navigating increasingly complex supply chain challenges. And lawyers are playing an increasingly pivotal role in ensuring compliance throughout these global networks. 从地缘政治风险,到ESG考量,再到技术 革命与数字化转型,中国企业的供应链 正面对愈发多元的挑战,律师也在助力 企业供应链合规中扮演日益重要的角色。 24 2025 ALB China Regional Ranking: Circum-Bohai Sea Area 2025 ALB China 区域市场排名:环渤海地区 ALB China’s first regional ranking in 2025 focuses on the three provinces and one Contents February 2025 municipality in the Circum-Bohai Sea area — Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, and Tianjin —highlighting outstanding law firms and exceptional individual lawyers. 2025年,ALB China首个区域榜单关注 于环渤海地区的三省一市:即辽宁、河北、 山东、天津的优秀律师事务所及杰出律师 个体。过去一年,环渤海地区呈现出强势 的增长势头,涌现不少发展亮点,这也为 该区域法律服务市场的持续发展提供了 良好基础。 28 Impact, not hype 追逐变革 As Generative AI becomes an unstoppable force in legal practice, law firms are moving beyond the question of “if” to “how.” But instead of chasing trends, AI directors at law firms are taking a deliberate approach to this transformative technology. 随着生成式人工智能在法律行业掀起不 可阻挡的变革,律所的关注点已从“是否 采用”转向“如何应用”。 34 Regional reshaping 重塑区域市场版图 Major Chinese law firms from Beijing and Shanghai are aggressively expanding into regional markets. Regional firms are countering this challenge by deepening local expertise and developing niche specializations to maintain their competitive edge. 来自北京、上海的全国性综合律所不断 下沉业务,“占领”区域法律市场的招投 标名单,这给区域本土律所带来多重挑 战,但也促使他们提升策略、扩大布局。 38 Alternative approaches 另辟蹊径 The quest for yield in today’s challenging market environment is pushing investors toward more diverse offshore investment strategies. 在当前充满挑战的市场环境中,投资者 为追求高收益,正转向更多元的离岸投 资策略。 BRIEFS 3 Big Story 8 Appointments 9 Deals With contribution from: - Grandway Law Offices 国枫律师事务所 4
2 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 From the editor Senior Director, Legal Media Group Amantha Chia 谢京庭 amantha.chia@thomsonreuters.com Managing Editor Ranajit Dam 邓文杰 ranajit.dam@thomsonreuters.com China Editor Hu Yangxiaoxiao 胡阳潇潇 yangxiaoxiao.hu@thomsonreuters.com Social Media Specialist Victor Wu 吴嘉林 victor.wu@thomsonreuters.com Editorial Associate Charlie Wu 吴卓言 charlie.wu@thomsonreuters.com Senior Content Manager Wang Jin 王瑾 jin.wang@thomsonreuters.com China Research Bian Jie 边洁 jie.bian@thomsonreuters.com Senior Designer John Agra john.agra@thomsonreuters.com Traffic/Circulation Manager Rozidah Jambari rozidah.jambari@thomsonreuters.com Publishing Coordinator Tracy Yang 杨紫薇 tracy.yang@thomsonreuters.com Sales Managers Yvonne Cheung 张裕裕 North Asia (852) 2847 2003 yvonne.cheung@thomsonreuters.com Steven Zhao 赵树群 China (86) 10 6627 1360 s.zhao@thomsonreuters.com Steffi Yang 杨绮繁 China (86) 010 5669 2041 qifan.yang@thomsonreuters.com Hiroshi Kaneko Japan, Korea (81) 3 4520 1192 hiroshi.kaneko@thomsonreuters.com Jonathan Yap Indonesia, Singapore (65) 6973 8914 jonathan.yap@thomsonreuters.com Romulus Tham Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand (65) 6973 8248 romulus.tham@thomsonreuters.com Simon Wan Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR (852) 3462 7730 simon.wan@thomsonsreuters.com Overseas operators 海外业务操盘手 As Chinese companies expand internationally, the role of legal counsel has become increasingly crucial in today’s complex global business environment. Our cover story showcases China’s leading overseas investment lawyers who have evolved from traditional legal advisors into strategic partners guiding businesses through cross-border challenges. The launch of our first Top 15 Overseas Investment Lawyers ranking comes at an important time. As Chinese enterprises navigate stricter regulations and shifting international dynamics, experienced legal guidance is essential. These lawyers represent the best of China’s legal talent, offering both local insight and global expertise. What emerges from our coverage is how these practitioners have transformed their approach over the past decade. They now provide comprehensive guidance on everything from regulatory compliance to cultural integration. Their journey mirrors the evolution of Chinese companies from cautious international players to confident global operators. Looking ahead, Chinese companies will continue their international expansion despite market uncertainties. The most successful lawyers will be those who combine legal expertise with business acumen and cultural understanding. Through this ranking, we hope to highlight how skilled legal counsel can transform challenges into opportunities in international markets, offering valuable lessons for companies on their global journey. 随着中国企业加速“出海”,在当今复杂多 变的全球商业环境中,法律顾问的角色愈 发重要。本期封面故事聚焦中国顶尖“出 海”律师,他们已从传统法律顾问转型为 战略合作伙伴,引领企业应对跨境挑战。 我们在报道中发现,这些律师在过去 十年间的服务方式已显著转型,如今他 们不仅提供合规建议,还深入涉猎文化 融合等领域的综合指导。这一转变也映 射出中国企业“出海”心态的演进——从 谨慎试探到自信拓展。 尽管全球市场仍存不确定性,中国企 业的国际化步伐不会停歇。未来最具竞争 力的律师将是那些既精通法律,又深谙商 业逻辑和文化差异的全能型人才。 Ranajit Dam Managing Editor, Asian Legal Business, Thomson Reuters Asian Legal Business is available by subscription. Please visit www.legalbusinessonline.com for details. Asian Legal Business has an audited average circulation of 11,402 as of 30 September 2016.Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of this publication can be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission of the editor. Contributions are invited, but copies of work should be kept, as Asian Legal Business can accept no responsibility for loss. MDDI (P) 016/02/2025 ISSN 0219 – 6875 KDN PPS 1867/10/2015(025605) Thomson Reuters Alice @ Mediapolis, 29 Media Circle, #09-05, Singapore 138565 / T (65) 6775 5088 10/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong SAR, China / T (852) 3762 3269 www.thomsonreuters.com
2025 Schedule of rankings 2025 年榜单安排 欲了解更多提名信息,请联系: TRALBRanking@thomsonreuters.com *These dates are subject to change. Please contact ALB for the most up-to-date schedule. *上述日期可能会有调整,请联系ALB获取最新的报名时间和截止日期。 Ranking Name 榜单 Month of Publication 发布月 *Nominations Open 提名开始日 2025 ALB China Firms to Watch 2025 ALB China 精品律所 January 14 October 2024 2025 ALB China Top 15 Cybersecurity & Data Protection Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳网络安全和数据保护律师 7 November 2024 2025 ALB China Regional Ranking: Circum-Bohai Sea Area 2025 ALB China 区域市场排名:环渤海地区 February 12 November 2024 2025 ALB China Top 15 Overseas Investment Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳出海业务律师 26 November 2024 2025 ALB China Regulatory Compliance Ranking 2025 ALB China 合规业务排名 March 5 December 2024 2025 ALB China Top 15 Insolvency & Restructuring Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳破产重组律师 11 December 2024 2025 ALB China Top 15 Business Support In-House Teams 2025 ALB China 最佳商业贡献力法务团队 16 December 2024 2025 ALB China Employer of Choice 2025 ALB China 年度雇主 April 27 December 2024 2025 ALB China Top 15 Litigators 2025 ALB China 十五佳诉讼律师 6 January 2025 2025 ALB China Intellectual Property 2025 ALB China 知识产权业务排名 May 15 January 2025 2025 ALB China Regional Ranking: South China 2025 ALB China 区域市场排名:华南地区 20 January 2025 2025 ALB China Dispute Resolution Ranking 2025 ALB China 争议解决业务排名 June 7 February 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 Rising Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳律师新星 12 March 2025 2025 ALB China Regional Ranking: West China 2025 ALB China 区域市场排名:西部地区 July 20 February 2025 2025 ALB China Client Choice 2025 ALB China 客户首选律师 August 2 April 2025 2025 ALB China Fastest Growing Firms 2025 ALB China 十五佳成长律所 17 April 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 New Technology In-House Teams 2025 ALB China 十五佳新科技法务团队 September 28 April 2025 2025 ALB China M&A Rankings 2025 ALB China 并购排名 15 May 2025 2025 ALB China Regional Ranking: Yangtze River Delta 2025 ALB China 区域市场排名:长三角地区 October 23 May 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 Female Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳女律师 13 June 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 GCs 2025 ALB China 十五佳总法律顾问 26 June 2025 2025 ALB China GBA In-House Teams 2025 ALB China 粤港澳大湾区公司法务团队 November 10 July 2025 2025 ALB 30 Largest Law Firm (China) / Top 50 Asia Firms 2025 ALB China 中国最大30家律所 / ALB亚洲最大50家律所 16 July 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 Intellectual Property Lawyers 2025 ALB China 十五佳知识产权律师 December 12 August 2025 2025 ALB China Top 15 In-House Teams 2025 ALB China 十五佳公司法务团队 28 August 2025
4 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 Hong Kong set for IPO boom in 2025 势或 头再 不迎“减大,香年 ”港 上 市 2 0 2 5 Hong Kong’s initial public offering (IPO) market witnessed a robust recovery in 2024, driven by increased demand from Chinese companies seeking offshore listings. According to Ryan Capital data, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) recorded 71 new listings, raising $11.2 billion, marking an 88.85 percent yearon-year increase and reclaiming its position as the world’s fourth-largest IPO venue. The market saw increasing concentration among legal advisers handling Hong Kong listings. Chinese law firms, specifically in their role as PRC counsel, showed strong performance with Jingtian & Gongcheng leading the pack with 29 deals. King & Wood Mallesons and Commerce & Finance Law Offices followed with 17 and 14 deals, respectively. Other prominent Chinese firms, including Tian Yuan Law Firm, Zhong Lun • Hong Kong IPO market rebounds in 2024, ranks fourth globally by funds raised 香港IPO市场在2024年得到回暖,募资额位列全球第四 • Consumer, tech sectors lead listings as new regulations fuel market activity 消费、科技是主导板块,若干新规推动上市热度 Law Firm, JunHe, Jiayuan Law Firm, and Haiwen & Partners also demonstrated solid performance. Among international law firms, Clifford Chance emerged as the frontrunner, advising on 15 Hong Kong IPO transactions. Mayer Brown secured the second position with nine deals, while Sidley Austin and Paul Hastings tied for third place with seven deals each. Dominant sectors The consumer and technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT) sectors dominated Hong Kong’s initial public offerings in 2024, followed by healthcare and pharmaceuticals, according to Deloitte data. “TMT, software, and consumer sectors, including three Chapter 18C specialist technology companies, emerged as the most active segments in Hong Kong’s 2024 IPO market,” says The Briefs Tim Wang, chair of the China practice at Clifford Chance. “Consumer companies attracted the highest capital inflows and retail investor interest.” The consumer sector’s dominance was particularly evident in the year’s largest deals, according to partners at Haiwen & Partners. “Several of the top 10 IPOs came from retail and consumer sectors, with Midea Group’s $3.83 billion listing ranking as the world’s second-largest IPO of the year,” say Haiwen partners Wei Shuangjuan, Xu Qifei, Huo Chao, and Isaac Chen. “The successful listing of Luk Fook Gold, backed by strategic industrial investors, further boosted market confidence, highlighting the potential of premium consumption and new retail models.” The TMT sector also showed strong performance, particularly following the introduction of Chapter 18C listing rules, which attracted more “hard tech” companies in semiconductors and robotics. Healthcare listings maintained their momentum, with life sciences companies securing a significant share of the market, Haiwen partners noted. New regulations A series of regulatory reforms throughout 2024 strengthened Hong Kong’s position as a premier listing destination, market experts say. In a significant move, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) and Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) issued a joint statement on Oct. 18 that introduced streamlined IPO application procedures. Under the new framework, regulatory reviews for straightforward cases will be shortened to 40 working days, while eligible A-share applicants can expect a 30-working-day assessment period. “These measures create a more welcoming regulatory environment for listing candidates and will positively impact Hong Kong’s competitiveness as an international fundraising hub,” explains Wang of Clifford Chance. In December, HKEX published a consultation paper on optimizing IPO pricing and public float requirements. By Charlie Wu 作者:吴卓言 BIG STORY
5 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 The proposed changes could significantly reshape the listing landscape. “The reforms provide regulatory clarity on public float requirements below 10 percent for A-share companies with market capitalization exceeding HK$30 billion ($3.83 billion),” partners at Haiwen tell ALB. “Smaller dual-listed A+H share companies will see public float requirements reduced from 15 percent to 10 percent.” “These changes will give A+H share issuers greater flexibility and reduce listing pressures,” the Haiwen partners added. “The proposed phased approach to cornerstone investor lock-up periods could significantly boost cornerstone participation in IPOs.” Waxing and waning Hong Kong’s IPO market is poised to benefit from mainland China’s tightened IPO regulations, with market experts forecasting continued momentum through 2025. “Following mainland China’s IPO restrictions, many Chinese companies have pivoted to Hong Kong listings,” says Wang. “Some early movers have already listed, while others are in various stages of the approval process. We expect these listings to materialize throughout 2025.” Wang highlighted that recent policy support from Chinese regulators, including measures announced by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) in 2024 to strengthen Hong Kong’s financial markets, will continue driving this trend. The streamlined approval process for A-share issuers and leading mainland enterprises, announced jointly by HKEX and SFC in October 2024, further reinforces this direction. “We anticipate more companies completing Hong Kong listings in 2025,” says Li Han, partner at Tian Yuan Law Firm. “With mainland IPO policies unlikely to see major changes in 2025, and many companies initiating Hong Kong listing preparations in 2024, we expect increased A-to-H share conversions.” However, partners at Haiwen caution against viewing the relationship between A-shares and Hong Kong listings as a simple zero-sum game. “The two-way opening of domestic and overseas capital markets has always been a key reform objective,” they say. “We expect both markets to attract quality listings in 2025, with an increasing number of companies opting for dual A+H listings.” Competition and cooperation Hong Kong’s legal landscape is undergoing a significant transformation as Chinese law firms expand their presence in the city’s IPO market, challenging the traditional dominance of international legal advisers. Following three years of joint operations, several Chinese law firms have converted their Hong Kong offices into local practices, enabling them to offer comprehensive Hong Kong law services. This transformation is reshaping the competitive dynamics of the city’s legal market. Tian Yuan Law Firm exemplifies this trend. According to Ryan Capital data, in 2024 the firm advised on six IPOs as PRC counsel while simultaneously handling four listings as Hong Kong counsel. “We’re seeing more issuers opt for mainland law firms that can provide integrated onshore and offshore legal services through their Hong Kong offices,” Li at Tian Yuan tells ALB. “This one-stop-shop approach improves efficiency, reduces coordination costs, and better aligns with mainland corporate culture.” Partners at Haiwen note an expansion in mainland firms’ service scope. “Chinese law firms are now handling complex aspects including intellectual property, data protection, antitrust, and sanctions compliance,” they note. However, industry experts emphasize that collaboration, rather than competition, will remain key. “International firms maintain advantages in major deals through their global networks, extensive experience, and The Briefs deep talent pools,” the Haiwen partners add. Wang at Clifford Chance, observes that as some U.S.-based international firms reduce their Greater China presence, their market share is being absorbed by mainland and other international firms. “Leading mainland firms are actively expanding their Hong Kong and international IPO capabilities by recruiting from traditional international firms,” Tim Wang says. Looking ahead to 2025, Wang predicts established firms will maintain their market leadership while competition intensifies among second-tier practices, with the overall competitive landscape remaining largely similar to 2024. 2024年,中国企业境外上市需求增大, 香港IPO市场随之经历快速复苏。瑞恩 资本数据显示,全年港交所共录得71 宗上市,募资达874.78亿港元,金额 同比上涨88.85%,重回全球第四的 位置。 在律所中介机构方面,香港上市呈 现出越来越高的市场集中度。同样根据 瑞恩资本数据,2024年的12个月中,中 国律所方面(此处只计算担任上市中国 律师的情况),竞天公诚居首位,揽获29 个项目;金杜、通商则分别参与17宗、14 宗交易;天元、中伦、君合、嘉源、海问也 取得了不俗的业绩。 国际律师方面,高伟绅助力了15家 企业的香港IPO项目;美迈斯以9家的数 量紧随其后;盛德、普衡则各以7家的成 绩并列第三。 消费、科技是主力板块 在行业领域方面,德勤数据显示,消费 与TMT行业在香港新股数量及融资比 重方面依旧领先,医疗及医药行业则居 于第三位。 高伟绅律师事务所中国业务主席 王彦峰律师对此有着切实观察:“从 上市公司数量来看,2024年香港IPO 市场比较热门的板块包括TMT、软件 行业和消费类,其中包括3家18C特专 科技公司。从发行募集额及散户认购 角度来看,消费类公司吸引了最多的 资金。” 海问律师事务所内地合伙人魏双
6 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 娟、徐启飞和霍超律师以及香港办公室 合伙人陈敏律师也告诉ALB,在过去一 年的香港IPO市场,消费品板块无疑占 据了主导地位。 “前十大IPO项目中,多个来自零 售和消费领域。例如美的集团的300亿 港元募资成为全球第二大IPO,体现了 市场对成熟消费品牌的青睐。此外,老 铺黄金等企业通过引入产业战投也进一 步增强了市场信心,显示出消费升级与 新零售结合的潜力。”他们说。 此外,TMT领域的信息技术和科技 企业表现也很突出。几位律师表示,尤 其是18C上市制度的推出,引发越来越 多半导体、机器人等“硬科技”企业纷纷 来港上市。此外,海问也观察到医疗保健 企业在港股市场中呈现的亮点,生命科 学企业在其中仍占有较高比重。 新规助力 过去一年的一系列新规出台以及多项制 度改革无疑使得香港资本市场持续优化 的同时,进一步增强了香港联交所对于 各类企业的吸引力。 例如,香港证券及期货事务监察委 员会与香港联交于2024年10月18日 发出联合声明,宣布优化在IPO中新上 市申请人的申请流程时间表,措施即 时生效。优化审批流程时间表后,就简 单案件来说,重大监管关注事项的审批 将缩短为40个工作日;对于符合条件 的A股申请人而言,监管评估期将为30 个工作日。 在王彦峰律师看来:“这些措施将 为赴港上市企业提供更为友好的监管 和审批环境,总体而言将为提升香港作 为国际新股集资市场的竞争力带来正 面影响。” 12月,香港联交所还刊发了《有关 优化首次公开招股市场定价及公开市 场建议》咨询文件,旨在优化及调整 公众持股量和公开市场定价机制等 规则。 海问的几位律师指出:“本次改革, 对于市值在300亿港币以上的A股上市 公司适用10%以下的公众持股量要求 提供了监管确定性,对于中小型体量的 A+H股公司的公众持股量要求也较过去 的15%的要求放宽至10%。” “此举将为A+H股发行人提供弹 性,在一定程度上减轻发行压力,对于 有意实现A+H两地上市的公司来说可 谓重大利好。此外,咨询文件也有意将 基石投资者的禁售期改为分阶段解禁 机制,将大幅提高基石参与IPO的积极 性。”他们表示。 A与H“此消彼长” 港交所自身的“积极进取”之外,过去一 年,由于A股IPO持续收紧,也间接导致 了不少公司只能选择转道香港。2025 年,这种“此消彼长”的现象是否得以 持续? 王彦峰律师指出:“我们注意到A股 IPO收紧后,很多内地企业选择来香港 上市。其中比较早启动香港上市工作的 企业有些已经成功上市了,有些已经提 交申请并在审核过程当中,预期2025年 会陆续上市,也有很多企业正在紧锣密 鼓地筹备香港上市工作。” 王律师预期,这一趋势将在2025年 继续:“中国证监会在2024年推出了加 强香港金融市场的措施,支持符合条件 的内地企业赴香港上市融资。这无疑在 国内政策和监管层面为港股市场的发展 提供了有力的支持。此外,香港联交所和 香港证监会也在2024年10月宣布将紧 密合作,以加快A股发行人和内地龙头 企业来港上市的审批流程。” 天元律师事务所合伙人李晗律师也 做出了同样预期。她表示:“2025年,会 有更多企业选择或者完成港股上市。一 方面是因为A股IPO政策2025年预期不 会有大的变化,另一方面我们也观察到 市场上有更多企业在2024年开始筹备 或启动港股上市,这些项目有望在今年 完成正式递交或发行。预期会有更多A 股上市公司选择Ato H赴香港上市。” 不过,在海问的几位律师看来,A股 和港股之间并不是一个简单的“此消彼 长”博弈关系。 “境内和境外资本市场的双向开 放,支持符合条件的境内企业赴境外上 市,更好利用好两个市场两种资源,一直 以来都是我国资本市场深化改革的重要 目标。我们预计,2025年,A股和港股资 本市场都会涌现出一批优秀的上市企 业。同时,也会有越来越多的企业同时选 择在A股和港股同时上市。”他们表示。 竞争与合作 资本市场作为香港的传统法律业务领 域,过去几年伴随中资券商的快速崛 起,其业务版图也发生了快速变化。一 方面,中国律师在交易中的重要性日益 提升,尤其头部律所占据了显著的市场 份额;另一方面,伴随中国律所的香港 办公室经过三年联营逐渐转化为本地 律所、可以开始提供香港法服务,他们 期待以更“一站式”的角色参与到香港 上市业务之中。 天元是其中的典型代表之一:根据 瑞恩数据,2024年天元以中国律师身 份参与了6宗上市,同时以香港律师身 份参与了4宗上市。 李晗律师就此介绍道:“香港上市 项目中,由内地律所担任境内律师, 该所的香港分所担任境外律师,以境 内外联动的方式为香港上市项目中 的发行人或保荐人提供一体化服务, 将成为更多项目的选择,甚至是主流 的选择。这能有效地提高项目中的合 作效率,降低沟通和协作成本,也更 贴合境内企业的文化背景和工作习 惯,在过往项目的执行过程中,得到 了项目参与方,特别是发行人的广泛 认可。” 海问的几位律师也赞同这一观察。“ 传统上,内地律所在港股IPO业务中仅 能就中国法提供咨询服务,在项目中和 境外律师会是共同合作的局面;但目前, 已经有越来越多的项目愿意同时选择有 香港办公室的内地律所同时就中国法和 境外法提供法律服务,并且内地律所提 供法律服务的深度和宽度日益拓展,例 如IPO过程中的知识产权、数据保护、 反垄断、出口管制和制裁等相关咨询。” 不过,虽然内地律所与国际律所呈 现出一定的竞争态势,但合作仍将会是 未来的主旋律。“国际律所有着悠久的历 史,人才、经验和专业储备丰富,更有着 全球法律服务网络,在大型、顶尖项目中 仍占有一定优势地位,可以预期未来在 不少项目中,中国境内律所和国际律所 仍将维持良好的合作关系,共同协助完 成具有市场影响力的项目。”他们表示。 王彦峰律师也预计,内地、国际和香 港律所在2025年的香港IPO业务上将 继续发挥各自的优势,总体来看,竞争与 合作的格局将与2024年大致保持一致。 此外,他注意到,“随着近年一些美 资背景的国际律所逐步退出或缩小其 在内地和香港的业务,这部分业务份额 会被内地律所和其他国际律所吸收。与 此同时,一些头部内地律所也在非常积 极布局香港和国际IPO业务领域,通过 从传统国际律所招募团队成员等方式 加强其竞争力。” 王律师预期,在2025年,无论是内 地还是国际律所,传统头部律所将会继 续保持领先地位,而第二梯队的律所之 间的竞争也将日趋激烈。 The Briefs
7 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 Brought to you by Grandway Law Offices 浅析如何在破产程序中 应对财产混同的一人公司 本文旨在探讨破产程序中一人公司的特殊法律地位及其处 理机制。一人公司作为有限责任公司的特殊形式,其独特的法律特 征,如股东单一性、责任有限性及两权不分离性,在破产程序中带 来了诸多挑战。本文通过分析《中华人民共和国公司法》(以下简 称“《公司法》”)、《中华人民共和国企业破产法》(以下简称“《破产 法》”)、相关司法解释以及地方司法文件,结合司法实践案例,对一 人公司在破产程序中的财产混同问题进行了深入研究,并提出了相 应的完善建议。 一、新《公司法》背景下的一人公司 2023年12月29日,《公司法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全 国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议修订通过,本文将这次修订 后的《公司法》简称为“新《公司法》”。新《公司法》已于2024年7月 1日施行,《公司法》中原先针对一人公司的专节特别规定大多被删 除,这反映了立法者对于一人公司与其他类型公司在法律地位上的 逐步趋同。 在新《公司法》中,虽然没有直接使用“一人有限责任公司”或 “一人公司”的字样,但通过对有限责任公司和股份有限公司的股东 数量限制进行修改,实际上扩大了一人公司的范围。“只有一个股东 的公司”均被视为一人公司,这包括了只有一个自然人股东或一个 法人股东的有限责任公司,以及只有一个股东的股份有限公司。 新《公司法》要求一人公司的股东必须证明公司财产独立于股 东自己的财产。如果股东无法证明这一点,则应当对公司债务承担 连带责任。这一规定旨在保护债权人的利益,防止股东利用公司形 式逃避个人责任。新《公司法》将一人公司编制财务会计报告的单 独规定删除,但将其并入第二百零八条中,要求公司应当在每一会 计年度终了时编制财务会计报告,并依法经会计师事务所审计。 二、通过民事诉讼处置 《破产法》第二条明确规定:企业法人不能清偿到期债务,并 且资产不足以清偿全部债务或者明显缺乏清偿能力的,依照本法规 定清理债务。该法条通常作为判断企业法人是否符合破产条件的标 准,此处所称企业法人包括有限责任公司和股份有限公司。一人公 司只要符合《破产法》第二条的规定,就可以经人民法院裁定受理 后进入破产程序。 一人公司作为债务人进入破产程序后,会由人民法院指定的 破产管理人履行职务,包括接管债务人的财产、印章和账簿等资 料,调查债务人财产状况,制定财产管理方案等。除非股东能够提 供确凿的证据证明自己的财产独立于公司财产,例如股东提供证据 证明自己购置不动产的时间早于公司成立的时间。否则,管理人应 将股东起诉至人民法院,通过民事诉讼程序获得的款项一并纳入破 产财产,由全体债权人根据破产程序规则进行分配。 三、通过实质合并破产处置 实质合并破产,是指因关联企业的控制企业或从属企业之一 破产而引起的某几个或者全部关联企业的合并破产的情形。在这种 情况下,多个关联企业被视为一个法人实体,合并清理各关联企业 的资产和负债,按照债权人所占债权额进行清偿,从而消除关联企 业之间的债权债务关系。 如果一人公司的股东是法人,一人公司和股东可以通过合并 破产理论解决一人公司财务混同的问题。然而,如果一人公司的股 东是自然人,运用合并破产理论就会存在障碍了。因为自然人不受 《破产法》的约束,我国的个人破产制度尚在试点阶段,尚未在全 国范围内推广。尽管如此,司法实践中已经出现过一人公司与自然 人股东合并破产的先例,值得广大参与破产业务的专业人士研究和 学习。 苏州市中级人民法院2021年度十大优秀执行案例之八——某 印刷公司与王某某合并破产案。王某某系某印刷公司的法定代表人 和唯一股东。该印刷公司因经营效益不好,导致不少对外借款最终 无法偿债,7个债权人将该印刷公司诉到法院。同时,王某某也以个 人名义民间借贷,14个债权人也将王某某起诉到法院。相关案件进 入执行程序后,执行部门发现印刷公司资不抵债,于是将案件移送 破产清算审查,昆山法院裁定对印刷公司破产清算。经过调查,发 现印刷公司主要财产为其名下一处小型厂房,王某某的财产主要 是一处拆迁安置房。在破产清算案审理期间,王某某向昆山法院申 请个人债务清理,希望用现有财产清偿债务后,免除无法履行的余 债,以求无债安度晚年。 为实现公平清偿,经管理人申请,昆山法院依法裁定合并清理 印刷公司与王某某的债务。管理人遂制作了财产处置方案和债务清 偿方案,除留给其前妻一套住房居住外,其他财产包括印刷公司名 下厂房和王某某预计可以获得的一套拆迁房用于清偿债务,余债不 再清偿,每月约1500元退休金留给其保障基本生活。2021年9月, 昆山法院组织召开债权人会议,债务清偿方案经过债权人同意,并 已经完成对印刷公司名下财产的变价。目前财产分配基本完结,分 配率约50%,后续将按照法律规定完成对印刷公司的注销,豁免王 某某剩余债务,并解除限制高消费等全部执行措施。 该案通过适用一人公司人格否认制度,合并清理股东与公司 的债务,一方面保障了各债权人公平受偿,另外一方面让诚信之人 脱离债务,取得了良好示范的效果。个人破产制度在深圳、浙江及 江苏等地区的试点过程中,的确出现了不少问题,尤其是如何平衡 个人破产与逃废债之间的关系。随着个人破产制度在部分地区的试 点和经验的积累,未来有望在全国范围内进行立法,制定统一的个 人破产法,以明确个人破产的适用范围、程序、条件等,为个人破产 提供法律保障。届时,一人公司与自然人股东之间的财产混同问题 也能更有效地化解。 冯雅馥 北京国枫(上海)律师事务所 合伙人 fengyafu@grandwaylaw.com 左祎 北京国枫(上海)律师事务所 授薪合伙人 zuoyi@grandwaylaw.com
8 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 Lin Xiaoxi Leaving: Linklaters Going to: Morrison Foerster Practice: Private Equity Location: Hong Kong SAR Position: Partner 林晓希 原就职律所: 年利达律师事务所 现就职律所:美富律师事务所 业务领域:私募股权 地点:中国香港特别行政区 职位:合伙人 The Briefs APPPOINTMENTS Gary Li Leaving: Kirkland & Ellis Going to: Zhong Lun Law Firm Practice: Private Equity Location: Hong Kong SAR Position: Partner 李光原就职律所: 凯易国际律师事务所 现就职律所:中伦律师事务所 业务领域:私募股权 地点:中国香港特别行政区 职位:合伙人 Simon Hui Leaving: Baker McKenzie Going to: Paul Hastings Practice: Compliance Location: Shanghai Position: Partner 许峰原就职律所: 贝克•麦坚时国际律师事务所 现就职律所:普衡律师事务所 业务领域:合规 地点:上海 职位:合伙人 Xu Yilin Leaving: Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom Going to: Cooley Practice: Capital Market Location: Beijing Position: Partner 徐一林 原就职律所: 世达国际律师事务所 现就职律所:科律律师事务所 业务领域:资本市场 地点:北京 职位:合伙人 Sun Ye Leaving: O’Melveny & Myers Going to: Jia Yuan Law Firm Practice: Capital Market Location: Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong SAR Position: Senior Partner 孙晔原就职律所:美迈斯律师事务所 现就职律所:嘉源律师事务所 业务领域:资本市场 地点:北京、上海、中国香港特 别行政区 职位:高级合伙人 Peter Pang Leaving: Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom Going to: Han Kun Law Offices Practice: Capital Market Location: Shanghai, Hong Kong SAR, New York Position: Partner 庞烨原就职律所:世达国际律师事务所 现就职律所:汉坤律师事务所 业务领域:资本市场 地点:上海、 中国香港特别行政区、纽约 职位:合伙人 James Ma Leaving: Paul Hastings Going to: Jingtian & Gongcheng Practice: Banking and Finance Location: Hong Kong SAR Position: Partner 马捷原就职律所:普衡律师事务所 现就职律所:竞天公诚律师事务所 业务领域:银行及金融 地点:中国香港特别行政区 职位:合伙人 James Ma focuses on banking and finance, restructuring and M&A, prior to joining Jingtian, he worked at Paul Hastings for more than 14 years. Chinese law firms in Hong Kong SAR have been steadily bulking up in recent years, and Jingtian is no different. In the past year, the firm hired IP partner Benjamin Choi from local outfit Oldham Li & Nie, and capital markets partners Vivian Yiu and Huang Ke from Morrison & Foerster. 马捷律师深耕银行与金融、企业重组及破 产领域,加入竞天公诚之前,他曾在普衡 律师事务所工作超过14年。 从去年开始,竞天公诚香港办公室便 一直在“加码”专业人才,吸纳了包括知识 产权专家蔡柏坚律师,以及前美富合伙人 姚颖敏、黄克律师。随着马律师的加入,该 所香港办公室目前已拥有17位合伙人。
9 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 The Briefs $7 bln Airport Authority HK’s issuance of multi-currency senior notes Deal Type: Note Firm: Linklaters, A&O Shearman Jurisdictions: China, Hong Kong SAR 香港机场管理局发行多币种高级票据 交易类型:票据 参与律所:年利达律师事务所、A&O Shearman 管辖地:中国,中国香港特别行政区 DEALS $2 bln Alat’s investment in Lenovo Group Deal Type: Financing Firm: Cleary Gottlieb, Latham & Watkins, Haiwen & Partners Jurisdiction: China, Saudi Arabia 联想集团引入Alat埃耐特投资 交易类型:融资 参与律所:佳利律师事务所、瑞生国 际律师事务所、海问律师事务所 管辖地:中国,沙特阿拉伯 $449 mln China Three Gorges Corporation’s acquisition of Refraction photovoltaic power station Deal Type: M&A Firms: A&O Shearman, Watson Farley & Williams Jurisdiction: China, Spain 三峡集团收购Refraction光伏电站 交易类型:并购 参与律所:A&O Shearman、华盛 国际律师事务所 管辖地:中国,西班牙 $550 mln MINISO’s issuance of convertible bonds Deal Type: DCM Firm: Han Kun Law Offices Jurisdiction: China 名创优品集团发行可转换债券 交易类型:债券 参与律所:汉坤律师事务所 管辖地:中国 $260 mln Smithfield Foods’ listing on Nasdaq Deal Type: ECM Firms: Paul Hastings, Cravath, Swaine & Moore, Hunton Andrews Kurth, Commerce & Finance Law Offices Jurisdiction: China, US 史密斯菲尔德食品公司纳斯达克 上市 交易类型:股权融资 参与律所:普衡律师事务所 , Cravath律师事务所,何威安卓律师 事务所,通商律师事务所 管辖地:中国,美国 $250 mln ICBC Macau’s issuance of floating-rate notes Deal Type: Note Firms: King & Wood Mallesons, Jose Lupi & Associates, Linklaters, Jingtian & Gongcheng, CFB Lawyers Jurisdiction: China, Macau SAR 工银澳门发行浮动利率票据 交易类型:票据 参与律所:金杜律师事务所、卢忠诚 律师事务所、年利达律师事务所、竞 天公诚律师事务所、CFB律师事务所 管辖地:中国,中国澳门特别行政区 $229 mln Yibin City Commercial Bank’s Hong Kong listing Deal Type: ECM Firms: Clifford Chance, Global Law Office, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, King & Wood Mallesons Jurisdictions: China, Hong Kong SAR 宜宾银行香港上市 交易类型:股权融资 参与律所: 环球律师事务所、高伟绅 律师事务所、通商律师事 务所、金杜律师事务所 管辖地:中国,中国香港特 别行政区 Sichuan Yibin City Commercial Bank was the only domestic commercial bank to be successfully listed in the past three years. It has intensified its financial support for local industries, with significant lending focused on the baijiu (Chinese liquor) supply chain, particularly companies linked to industry leader Wuliangye Group. 来自四川宜宾的宜宾银行 在香港联交所主板成功上 市,募资约17.83亿元港 币,成为近三年来唯一一 家成功上市的境内商业银 行。宜宾银行深度支持本 地产业发展,尤其对以五 粮液为代表的白酒产业链 提供了大量融资。
10 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 Regulators, lawyers keep pace with AI-driven drug development AI制药拓展想象空间,监管、法律服务 快速跟进 The impact of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is still reverberating. Three scientists in protein structure prediction won the award, including two from Google’s AI company, DeepMind. Their AI model, AlphaFold, has made groundbreaking progress in predicting over 200 million protein structures, which are crucial for drug development. This has significantly expanded the possibilities of AI-driven pharmaceuticals. As the world’s second-largest market in terms of ongoing new drug projects, China has also seen rapid progress in AI-driven drug development. At last year’s China Pharmaceutical Industry Development Conference, a report on the digital transformation of the pharmaceutical industry noted that AI has already been widely integrated into innovative drug production. Li Junyi, a partner at Merits & Tree • During China’s 14th Five-Year Plan, 113 innovative drugs were approved, many incorporating AI at an advanced level. “十四五”期间获批上市创新药达113个,其中已“较高程度”运用到 人工智能技术 • China and the U.S. have released AI drug development guidelines, bringing regulatory oversight into focus. 中国、美国先后发布AI制药指导文件,相关领域监管提上日程 specializing in life sciences and healthcare, has observed the rise of AI-driven drug discovery through industry insights and discussions with clients. “The most prominent applications are in lead compound design, optimization, and synthesis, followed by compound screening and target discovery,” she says. However, Li also points out that AI-driven drug discovery is still in an early stage. “So far, no drug fully discovered and designed using AI has been approved for market release, either in China or globally,” she states. Beyond drug discovery, AI is playing a role in other key stages of pharmaceutical development, including preclinical research, clinical trials, manufacturing, and sales. The most mature applications of AI are in CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls) process management and GMP (Good Manufacturing The Briefs CHINA TECH COLUMN Practice) compliance. Another area seeking breakthroughs is clinical trials. “This is the most expensive stage of new drug development,” Li explains, “but AI applications in this field remain relatively limited.” Regulators keeping pace How are regulatory bodies responding in a field where scientific breakthroughs are still unfolding? Since pharmaceuticals directly impact human health and wellbeing, regulators are actively following the development of AI-driven drug discovery in various ways. In November 2024, China became the first country to release the Reference Guide for AI Application Scenarios in the Health Sector. Li explains that this document outlines several key “AI + drug development” scenarios, such as AI-assisted drug discovery, AI-supported clinical trials, and AI-driven comprehensive drug evaluations. “This demonstrates that regulators are generally showing a supportive attitude,” she says. Similarly, in early January this year, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance titled Considerations for the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Drugs and Biological Products, which also lists various AI applications across the drug lifecycle. However, Li points out that these guidelines from China and the U.S. only represent an initial regulatory stance. “Regulators have not yet reached a unified consensus or established clear and specific regulations on AI model usage throughout the entire drug lifecycle,” she explains. Beyond simply listing AI applications, the FDA’s draft also highlights challenges associated with AI and proposes regulatory considerations for the future. Li believes that as a leader in science regulation, the FDA’s stance and analysis could serve as a directional guide for future regulatory frameworks. For instance, the FDA identifies key challenges in AI-driven drug development, including the reliability of model outputs depending on training data By Hu Yangxiaoxiao 作者:胡阳潇潇
11 Asian Legal Business | February 2025 specifics, the “black box” nature of AI requiring greater transparency, and the impact of deployment environments and new data on AI model performance— necessitating lifecycle maintenance of the models themselves. In response, the FDA is proposing a “risk-based credibility assessment framework” to help applicants evaluate AI model reliability within specific use cases. While this is not a mandatory requirement, the FDA is encouraging early engagement with regulators to conduct assessments and identify potential risks as soon as possible, Li explains. On regulatory front, “we are closely monitoring the latest regulatory requirements for AI-driven pharmaceutical companies and the application of AI technologies and models in drug development. We assist companies in assessing compliance risks throughout the drug lifecycle, reviewing key agreements, and establishing compliance frameworks and processes tailored to AI technologies and application scenarios,” Li states. 2024年诺贝尔化学奖结果带来的震动 仍未平息:三位蛋白质结构预测领域的 科学家捧得该奖项,其中两位供职于谷 歌旗下的人工智能公司DeepMind。他 们开发的AI模型AlphaFold对2亿多种 蛋白质结构获得了突破性理解,而蛋白 质结构是药物研发的重要起点,这意味 着AI制药的想象空间被极大拓展了。 中国作为目前在研新药数量全球第 二的经济体,在AI制药领域同样实现了 快速发展。在去年召开的中国医药工业 发展大会上,一份医药工业数智化转型 报告指出,目前人工智能技术已经“较高 程度”介入到了创新药生产之中。 植德律师事务所合伙人李筠怡律师 长期服务于生命科学与医疗健康产业, 她在与客户的沟通和对产业的观察中也 留意到AI制药——尤其AI辅助药物研发 的发展。“其中布局最多的是先导化合物 的设计优化合成,其次是化合物筛选和 靶点发现。”她说。 不过李律师坦言:“目前AI制药仍处 于探索和早期发展阶段,国内外至今没 有一款完全利用AI技术发现和设计的新 药获批上市。” 实际上,在药物研发之外,AI技术目 前在制药的其他关键阶段——包括临床 前研究、临床试验、药品生产和销售等, 也扮演起一定角色。 其中AI技术运用比较成熟的是药 物CMC(Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls,化学、制造和控制)全流 程管理以及GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice,药品生产质量管理规范)合规 应用。另外一个正在寻求突破的是临床 试验环节。“这是新药研发成本最高的 环节,”李律师说,“不过目前AI应用相 对有限。” 监管积极跟进 在科学仍探索突破的领域,监管反应又 如何?由于药物关乎人类的健康福祉, 因此监管机关也以不同形式积极跟进 AI制药发展。 2024年11月,中国率先发布了《卫 生健康行业人工智能应用场景参考指 引》。李筠怡律师告诉ALB,其中总结 了许多经典的“人工智能+药物研发” 场景,例如智能药物研发、智能药物 临床试验辅助、智能药品临床综合评 价辅助等,“可见监管机关整体呈支持 态度”。 无独有偶,今年1月初,美国食品药 品管理局(FDA)发布了《使用人工智能 支持药品和生物制品监管决策的考量》 指南草案,其中也罗列出在药品生命周 期使用AI模型的情况。 不过,李律师指出,中美上述指引只 表明了监管的初步态度,目前对于药品 全生命周期的AI模型使用及如何监管, “监管机构尚未形成统一共识和出台 明确清晰的法规或指南。” 但在罗列用途之外,FDA草案也明 述了AI的挑战,并对未来的监管思路提 出设想,李律师认为,FDA作为监管科学 决策的引领者,其态度和论述可能为未 来监管路径提供方向指引。 例如,FDA指出AI参与制药带来的 挑战包括:训练数据的具体情况可能会 影响输出结果的可靠性;AI模型往往暗 箱运行,需要透明化其方法和流程;AI模 型输出的结果会受具体部署环境、引入 新数据等影响,因此对模型本身也要进 行生命周期维护。 基于此,FDA提出了一种“基于风险 的可信度评估框架”思路,帮助申办方评 价在特定使用环境中AI模型的可信度。 虽然这并非强制性要求,但FDA鼓励申 办方尽早与FDA接洽,以展开评估、较早 识别潜在风险,李律师介绍道。 The Briefs 律师提供服务 AI制药涉及的另一重挑战在于知识产 权,就此,律师已经在为创新药企提供 相关服务。 植德律师事务所合伙人唐华东律师 主要服务于医药健康领域的知识产权需 求。他指出,AI制药的专利申请存在着天 然挑战:一方面AI参与药物研发涉及到 大量数据、算法,申请专利相对复杂;另 一方面目前专利有效期为20年,而AI算 法迭代非常快,制度与现实存在一定的 不相匹配。 “此外,创新药企业使用AI辅助制 药发明,发明人如何认定?”目前这是一 大难点,“根据通用性的法律法规和司 法实践,自然人对于整体实验构思、模 型开发、数据收集、潜在化合物筛选、实 验验证等过程的参与都可能成为考量因 素”,唐律师说。 正因专利问题复杂,才特别需要律 师提供专业服务。“我们可以协助企业 构建全球AI相关专利战略和布局,保护 核心算法和药物研发技术的创新性,包 括在不同法律体系下申请和保护AI相关 的药物专利或算法专利,以及通过专利 FTO等手段识别潜在的侵权风险等。”唐 律师介绍道。 AI制药及创新药发展方兴未艾,李 筠怡律师认为在其他方面律师也有用武 之地。“受政策支持,这些年大量优秀的 科学家和研发人员回国创业。2023年, 中国生物医药授权交易数量居全球第 二,仅次于美国,这说明中国创新药资 产质量已经很高,能得到跨国药企和海 外市场的认可。” “在产业化方面,我们可以助力AI 创新药企业实现商业价值最大化,通过 License授权、整体出售或拓展海外市 场等多种方式,推动企业安全、高效地 实现成果转化。”她说。 此外,“近年医药行业的投融资交 易十分活跃,港股18A和科创板制度的 推出使得尚处于研发阶段的创新药企 有机会通过上市融资。外部律师能够就 此提供全方位支持,包括对接投资机构、 配合尽职调查、参与交易文件的起草与 谈判,助力企业顺利完成融资”。 而在政策监管和经营合规方面,“我 们将持续关注监管机构对AI制药企业和 AI 技术/模型在制药领域应用的最新监 管要求,协助企业评估药物全生命周期 的合规风险,审阅各类关键协议,协助建 立适用于AI技术和应用场景的合规体系 和流程”,李律师说。
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